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There and Back Again Murray Bookchin

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American political philosopher (1921–2006)

Murray Bookchin
Murray Bookchin.jpg

Bookchin in 1999
Built-in January 14, 1921

New York City, U.Due south.
Died July 30, 2006(2006-07-30) (anile 85)

Burlington, Vermont, U.Due south.
Era 20th-/21st-century philosophy
Region Western philosophy
School Continental Philosophy, Anarchism, Libertarian Socialism, Hegelianism, Philosophy of ecology

Primary interests

 Social hierarchy, dialectics, postal service-scarcity, libertarian socialism, ethics, environmental sustainability, ecology, history of pop revolutionary movements

Notable ideas

 Social environmental

Influences

  • Hannah Arendt, Aristotle, Charles Darwin, Guy Debord, Grand. West. F. Hegel,[1] Françoise d'Eaubonne, Lewis Mumford, Charles Fourier, Karl Marx, Emma Goldman, Peter Kropotkin,[two] : 8, 11 Herbert Marcuse, Jane Jacobs,[iii] Frankfurt School, Karl Polanyi, Erwin Anton Gutkind, Ernst Bloch[ii] : eight, 11

Influenced

  • Abdullah Öcalan, David Harvey, Rojava Revolution, David Graeber, Modibo Kadalie

Murray Bookchin (January 14, 1921 – July xxx, 2006[1]) was an American social theorist, author, orator, historian, and political philosopher. A pioneer in the environmental motility,[4] Bookchin formulated and developed the theory of social ecology and urban planning within anarchist, libertarian socialist, and ecological thought. He was the author of two dozen books covering topics in politics, philosophy, history, urban affairs, and social environmental. Among the near important were Our Constructed Environment (1962), Mail-Scarcity Anarchism (1971), The Ecology of Liberty (1982) and Urbanization Without Cities (1987). In the late 1990s, he became disenchanted with what he saw as an increasingly apolitical "lifestylism" of the gimmicky anarchist movement, stopped referring to himself equally an anarchist, and founded his ain libertarian socialist credo called "communalism", which seeks to reconcile Marxist and anarchist idea.[5] [6]

Bookchin was a prominent anti-capitalist and advocate of social decentralization along ecological and autonomous lines. His ideas accept influenced social movements since the 1960s, including the New Left, the anti-nuclear movement, the anti-globalization movement, Occupy Wall Street, and more recently, the autonomous confederalism of Rojava. He was a fundamental figure in the American green motion and the Burlington Greens.

Biography [edit]

Bookchin was born in New York City to Russian Jewish immigrants[7] [8] Nathan Bookchin and Rose (Kaluskaya) Bookchin. He grew up in the Bronx, where his grandmother, Zeitel, a Socialist Revolutionary, imbued him with Russian populist ideas. After her death in 1930, he joined the Immature Pioneers, the Communist youth system (for children 9 to xiv)[ix] and the Young Communist League (for youths) in 1935. He attended the Workers School almost Marriage Square, where he studied Marxism. In the late 1930s he bankrupt with Stalinism and gravitated toward Trotskyism, joining the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). In the early 1940s, he worked in a foundry in Bayonne, New Jersey, where he was a merchandise spousal relationship organizer and shop steward for the United Electrical Workers as well as a recruiter for the SWP. Within the SWP, he adhered to the Goldman-Morrow faction, which bankrupt away later on the war ended. He was an auto worker and UAW member at the fourth dimension of the great General Motors strike of 1945–46. In 1949, while speaking to a Zionist youth organisation at City Higher, Bookchin met a mathematics student, Beatrice Appelstein, whom he married in 1951.[10] They were married for 12 years and lived together for 35, remaining close friends and political allies for the rest of his life. They had two children, Debbie and Joseph.[11] On religious views, Bookchin was an atheist, but was considered to exist tolerant of religious views.[12]

From 1947, Bookchin collaborated with a swain lapsed Trotskyist, the High german expatriate Josef Weber, in New York in the Movement for a Commonwealth of Content, a group of 20 or so post-Trotskyists who collectively edited the journal Contemporary Issues – A Magazine for a Democracy of Content. Contemporary Issues embraced utopianism. The periodical provided a forum for the belief that previous attempts to create utopia had foundered on the necessity of toil and drudgery; only now modern technology had obviated the need for human being toil, a liberatory evolution. To achieve this "mail-scarcity" order, Bookchin developed a theory of ecological decentralism. The magazine published Bookchin'due south commencement articles, including the pathbreaking "The Problem of Chemicals in Food" (1952). In 1958, Bookchin divers himself every bit an agitator,[nine] seeing parallels between anarchism and environmentalism. His first book, Our Constructed Environment, was published under the pseudonym Lewis Herber, in 1962, a few months before Rachel Carson's famous Silent Spring.[13] [14] The volume described a broad range of environmental ills, merely received little attending considering of its political radicalism.

In 1964, Bookchin joined the Congress of Racial Equality (Core), and protested racism at the 1964 World's Fair. During 1964–67, while living on Manhattan'southward Lower East Side, he cofounded and was the master figure in the New York Federation of Anarchists. His groundbreaking essay "Ecology and Revolutionary Idea" introduced environmentalism and, more than specifically, environmental as a concept in radical politics.[15] In 1968, he founded another group that published the influential Anarchos mag, which published that and other innovative essays on post-scarcity and on sustainable technologies such every bit solar and wind energy, and on decentralization and miniaturization. Lecturing throughout the United States, he helped popularize the concept of environmental to the counterculture. His widely republished 1969 essay "Mind, Marxist!"[16] warned Students for a Democratic Society (in vain) against an impending takeover past a Marxist group. "Once more the dead are walking in our midst," he wrote, "ironically, draped in the name of Marx, the human being who tried to coffin the dead of the nineteenth century. So the revolution of our own day tin practise nothing better than parody, in turn, the October Revolution of 1917 and the civil state of war of 1918–1920, with its 'class line,' its Bolshevik Party, its 'proletarian dictatorship,' its puritanical morality, and even its slogan, 'Soviet power'".[17] These and other influential 1960s essays are anthologized in Post-Scarcity Riot (1971).

In 1969–1970, he taught at the Alternating U, a counter-cultural radical school based on 14th Street in Manhattan. In 1971, he moved to Burlington, Vermont, with a grouping of friends, to put into practice his ideas of decentralization. In the autumn of 1973, he was hired by Goddard Higher to lecture on technology; his lectures led to a teaching position and to the creation of the Social Ecology Studies program in 1974 and the Institute for Social Ecology (ISE) soon thereafter, of which he became the director. In 1974, he was hired by Ramapo College in Mahwah, New Jersey, where he chop-chop became a full professor. The ISE was a hub for experimentation and study of appropriate technology in the 1970s. In 1977–78 he was a member of the Bandbox Mountain Affinity Grouping of the Clamshell Alliance. Also in 1977, he published The Spanish Anarchists, a history of the Castilian anarchist motion upward to the revolution of 1936. During this period, Bookchin briefly forged some ties with the nascent libertarian motion, speaking at a Libertarian Party convention and contributing to a newsletter edited by Karl Hess. Notwithstanding, Bookchin rejected the types of libertarianism that advocated unconstrained individualism.[18]

In From Urbanization to Cities (published in 1987 as The Rise of Urbanization and the Refuse of Citizenship), Bookchin traced the democratic traditions that influenced his political philosophy and defined the implementation of the libertarian municipalism concept. A few years after, The Politics of Social Environmental, written by his partner of 19 years, Janet Biehl, briefly summarized these ideas.

In 1988, Bookchin and Howie Hawkins founded the Left Light-green Network "equally a radical alternative to U.S. Greenish liberals", based around the principles of social ecology and libertarian municipalism.[19]

In 1995, Bookchin lamented the reject of American anarchism into primitivism, anti-technologism, neo-situationism, individual self-expression, and "ad hoc adventurism," at the expense of forming a social movement. Arthur Verslius said, "Bookchin ... describes himself as a 'social anarchist' considering he looks frontward to a (gentle) societal revolution. ... Bookchin has lit out after those whom he terms 'lifestyle anarchists.'"[20] The publication of Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Riot in 1995, criticizing this tendency, was startling to anarchists. Thereafter Bookchin ended that American anarchism was essentially individualistic and broke with riot publicly in 1999. He placed his ideas into Communalism, a political ideology and form of libertarian socialism that retains his ideas about associates democracy and the necessity of decentralization of settlement, power/money/influence, agriculture, manufacturing, etc. His last major published work was The Third Revolution, a four-volume history of the libertarian movements in European and American revolutions.

He connected to teach at the ISE until 2004. Bookchin died of congestive heart failure on July 30, 2006, at his abode in Burlington, at the age of 85.[21]

Idea [edit]

In addition to his political writings, Bookchin wrote extensively on philosophy, calling his ideas dialectical naturalism.[two] : 31 The dialectical writings of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, which articulate a developmental philosophy of change and growth, seemed to him to lend themselves to an organic, environmentalist approach.[2] : 96–97 Although Hegel "exercised a considerable influence" on Bookchin, he was not, in any sense, a Hegelian.[22] His philosophical writings emphasize humanism, rationality, and the ideals of the Enlightenment.[23] [24]

Bookchin does not clearly ascertain many of the cardinal terms of his philosophy.[25]

General sociological and psychological views [edit]

Bookchin was critical of class-centered assay of Marxism and simplistic anti-state forms of libertarianism and liberalism and wished to present what he saw as a more complex view of societies. In The Environmental of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy, he says that:

My utilise of the word hierarchy in the subtitle of this piece of work is meant to be provocative. There is a potent theoretical need to contrast bureaucracy with the more than widespread utilise of the words class and Land; careless use of these terms can produce a dangerous simplification of social reality. To use the words hierarchy, grade, and State interchangeably, as many social theorists do, is insidious and obscurantist. This practice, in the name of a "classless" or "libertarian" lodge, could easily muffle the existence of hierarchical relationships and a hierarchical sensibility, both of which – even in the absence of economic exploitation or political coercion-would serve to perpetuate unfreedom.[26]

Bookchin also points to an accumulation of hierarchical systems throughout history that has occurred upward to contemporary societies which tends to determine the human collective and individual psyche:

The objective history of the social structure becomes internalized every bit a subjective history of the psychic structure. Heinous as my view may be to mod Freudians, it is non the discipline of work but the subject of rule that demands the repression of internal nature. This repression then extends outward to external nature as a mere object of rule and later of exploitation. This mentality permeates our individual psyches in a cumulative class upwards to the present 24-hour interval-not merely as capitalism but as the vast history of hierarchical club from its inception.[27]

Humanity's environmental predicament [edit]

Murray Bookchin's book well-nigh humanity's collision form with the natural globe, Our Synthetic Environment, was published six months before Rachel Carson'due south Silent Spring. [28]

Bookchin rejected Barry Commoner's belief that the environmental crisis could exist traced to technological choices, Paul Ehrlich'due south views that it could be traced to overpopulation, or the fifty-fifty more than pessimistic view that traces this crisis to human nature. Rather, Bookchin felt that our ecology predicament is the result of the cancerous logic of capitalism, a system aimed at maximizing profit instead of enriching homo lives: "By the very logic of its grow-or-die imperative, capitalism may well exist producing ecological crises that gravely imperil the integrity of life on this planet."

The solution to this crisis, he said, is not a render to hunter-gatherer societies, which Bookchin characterized as xenophobic and warlike. Bookchin likewise opposed "a politics of mere protestation, lacking programmatic content, a proposed alternative, and a movement to give people management and continuity."[28] He claims nosotros need

a abiding awareness that a given lodge'south irrationality is deep-seated, that its serious pathologies are non isolated problems that can be cured piecemeal only must exist solved by sweeping changes in the often hidden sources of crisis and suffering—that sensation alone is what tin hold a movement together, give it continuity, preserve its message and system across a given generation, and expand its ability to deal with new problems and developments.[28]

The reply and then lies in Communalism, a system encompassing a direct democratic political system anchored in loosely confederated popular assemblies, decentralization of ability, absence of domination of any kind, and replacing capitalism with human-centered forms of production.[28]

[edit]

In the history of environmentalism, social ecology is non a movement but a theory primarily associated with Bookchin and elaborated over his body of work.[29] He presents a utopian philosophy of human evolution that combines the nature of biology and society into a third "thinking nature" beyond biochemistry and physiology, which he argues is a more complete, conscious, upstanding, and rational nature. Humanity, by this line of thought, is the latest development from the long history of organic evolution on World. Bookchin'due south social ecology proposes ethical principles for replacing a gild's propensity for hierarchy and domination with that of democracy and freedom.[30]

Bookchin wrote about the furnishings of urbanization on human life in the early on 1960s during his participation in the civil rights and related social movements. Bookchin then began to pursue the connection between ecological and social bug, culminating with his best-known volume, The Ecology of Liberty, which he had developed over a decade.[31] His argument, that human being domination and destruction of nature follows from social domination betwixt humans, was a quantum position in the growing field of environmental. Life develops from self-organisation and evolutionary cooperation (symbiosis).[32] Bookchin writes of preliterate societies organized around mutual demand but ultimately overrun by institutions of bureaucracy and domination, such as city-states and capitalist economies, which he attributes uniquely to societies of humans and not communities of animals.[33] He proposes confederation between communities of humans run through democracy rather than through administrative logistics.[34]

Municipalism and communalism [edit]

Bookchin's vision of an ecological society is based on highly participatory, grassroots politics, in which municipal communities democratically plan and manage their affairs through popular assembly, a program he called Communalism. This democratic deliberation purposefully promotes autonomy and self-reliance, as opposed to centralized land politics. While this program retains elements of anarchism, it emphasizes a college caste of organisation (community planning, voting, and institutions) than general anarchism. In Bookchin's Communalism, these democratic, municipal communities connect with each other via confederations.[35]

Starting in the 1970s, Bookchin argued that the arena for libertarian social change should exist the municipal level. In "The Side by side Revolution", Bookchin stresses the link that libertarian municipalism has with his earlier philosophy of social ecology. He writes:

"Libertarian Municipalism constitutes the politics of social ecology, a revolutionary effort in which freedom is given institutional grade in public assemblies that get decision-making bodies."[36]

Bookchin proposes that these institutional forms must take place within differently scaled local areas. In a 2001 interview he summarized his views this way: "The overriding problem is to alter the structure of lodge so that people gain power. The best loonshit to practice that is the municipality—the city, boondocks, and village—where nosotros have an opportunity to create a confront-to-face democracy."[37] In 1980 Bookchin used the term "libertarian municipalism", to draw a organization in which libertarian institutions of directly democratic assemblies would oppose and supercede the state with a confederation of free municipalities.[38] Libertarian municipalism intends to create a situation in which the two powers—the municipal confederations and the nation-state—cannot coexist.[37] Its supporters—Communalists—believe information technology to be the ways to attain a rational society, and its structure becomes the system of society.

Legacy and influence [edit]

Though Bookchin, by his own recognition, failed to win over a substantial torso of supporters during his own lifetime, his ideas have nonetheless influenced movements and thinkers across the globe.

Among these are the Kurdish People'south Protection Units (YPG) and closely aligned Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in Turkey, which have fought the Turkish country since the 1980s to try to secure greater political and cultural rights for the state's Kurds. The PKK is designated as a terrorist organization by the Turkish and United States governments, while the YPG has been considered an marry of the US confronting ISIS.[39] [40] Though founded on a rigid Marxist–Leninist credo, the PKK has seen a shift in its thought and aims since the capture and imprisonment of its leader, Abdullah Öcalan, in 1999. Öcalan began reading a diversity of mail service-Marxist political theory while in prison, and constitute particular interest in Bookchin's works.[41] [42]

Öcalan attempted in early on 2004 to arrange a meeting with Bookchin through his lawyers, describing himself as Bookchin's "student" eager to adjust his thought to Middle Eastern society. Bookchin was too ill to have the request. In May 2004 Bookchin conveyed this bulletin "My promise is that the Kurdish people will 1 day exist able to establish a gratis, rational society that will allow their brilliance again to flourish. They are fortunate indeed to have a leader of Mr. Öcalan's talents to guide them". When Bookchin died in 2006, the PKK hailed the American thinker every bit "ane of the greatest social scientists of the 20th century", and vowed to put his theory into practice.[41]

"Democratic confederalism", the variation on Communalism developed by Öcalan in his writings and adopted by the PKK, does not outwardly seek Kurdish rights within the context of the germination of an independent land dissever from Turkey. The PKK claims that this project is not envisioned as being simply for Kurds, simply rather for all peoples of the region, regardless of their indigenous, national, or religious background. Rather, it promulgates the formation of assemblies and organizations beginning at the grassroots level to enact its ideals in a non-state framework beginning at the local level. It also places a particular emphasis on securing and promoting women's rights.[41] The PKK has had some success in implementing its programme, through organizations such as the Democratic Society Congress (DTK), which coordinates political and social activities within Turkey, and the Koma Civakên Kurdistan (KCK), which does and so across all countries where Kurds live.[43]

Selected works [edit]

  • Post-Scarcity Riot (1971)
  • The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years (1977)
  • The Environmental of Liberty: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy (1982)

Meet also [edit]

  • Eco-socialism
  • History of the Greenish Party of the The states
  • Outline of libertarianism

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b Small, Mike (August viii, 2006). "Murray Bookchin" (Obituary). The Guardian . Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Bookchin, Murray (Jan 2005). The Ecology of Liberty; The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy (Paper ed.). Chico CA: AK Press. ISBN9781904859260 . Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  3. ^ Bookchin, Murray. The Philosophy of Social Environmental: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism. Montreal: Blackness Rose Books, 1996. pp. 57–59
  4. ^ John Muir Plant for Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Ecology Philosophy, Inc, University of Georgia, Ecology Ethics five.12 1990: 193.
  5. ^ Bookchin, Murray. "The Time to come of the Left," The Side by side Revolution: Pop Assemblies and the Promise of Straight Democracy. New York: Verso Books, 2015. pp. 157–158.
  6. ^ Biehl, Janet. "Bookchin Breaks with Anarchism". Communalism October 2007: 1.
  7. ^ The Murray Bookchin Reader: Introduction Archived October xiv, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "The Murray Bookchin Reader: Intro". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  9. ^ a b "Anarchism in America documentary". Youtube.com. January 9, 2007. Archived from the original on November fourteen, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  10. ^ Toll, Andy. The Contained "Murray Bookchin, Political philosopher and activist who became a founder of the ecological motility" August nineteen, 2006". The Independent. London. Baronial 19, 2006. Retrieved November eleven, 2012.
  11. ^ New York Times Martin, Douglas (August 7, 2006). "Murray Bookchin, 85, author, Activist and Environmental Theorist Dies August vii, 2006". The New York Times . Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  12. ^ Lite, A. (1998). Social ecology after Bookchin. New York: Guilford Printing.
  13. ^ Paull, John (2013) "The Rachel Carson Letters and the Making of Silent Bound", Sage Open, iii(July):1–12.
  14. ^ "A Brusk Biography of Murray Bookchin past Janet Biehl". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  15. ^ "Ecology and Revolution". Dwardmac.pitzer.edu. June 16, 2004. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  16. ^ "Mind, Marxist!". Nasalam.org. Retrieved May xi, 2012.
  17. ^ Walker, Jesse (July 31, 2006) Murray Bookchin, RIP, Reason
  18. ^ "Reflections: Murray Bookchin". dwardmac.pitzer.edu . Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  19. ^ Biehl, Janet (March 22, 2015). "The Left Green Network (1988–91)". Environmental or Catastrophe . Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  20. ^ Verslius, Arthur (June xx, 2005) Death of the Left?, The American Conservative
  21. ^ "Murray Bookchin, visionary social theorist, dies at 85". the new york city independent media eye.
  22. ^ Bookchin, Murray. The Philosophy of Social Ecology: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1996. p. x[ ISBN missing ]
  23. ^ Murray Bookchin (1982), The Environmental of Freedom, US: Cheshire Books, p. 20[ ISBN missing ]
  24. ^ Encounter Re-Enchanting Humanity, London: Cassell, 1995, amongst other works.
  25. ^ Curran 2007, p. 174.
  26. ^ Murray Bookchin. The Ecology of Freedom: the emergence and dissolution of Hierarchy. Cheshire Books: Palo Alto. 1982. p. three[ ISBN missing ]
  27. ^ Murray Bookchin. The Ecology of Freedom: the emergence and dissolution of Hierarchy. Cheshire Books: Palo Alto. 1982. p. eight[ ISBN missing ]
  28. ^ a b c d Bookchin, Murray (2015). Bookchin, Debbie; Taylor, Blair (eds.). The next revolution: Pop assemblies and the promise of direct democracy (with a foreword by Ursula Thou. Le Guin). London: Verso. ISBN978-1781685815.
  29. ^ Light, Andrew (1998). Social Ecology Afterwards Bookchin. Guilford Printing. p. five. ISBN978-1572303799.
  30. ^ Stokols, Daniel (2018). Social Ecology in the Digital Age: Solving Complex Problems in a Globalized World. Elsevier Science. p. 33. ISBN978-0128031148.
  31. ^ Calorie-free 1998, p. 5–6.
  32. ^ Calorie-free 1998, p. half-dozen.
  33. ^ Calorie-free 1998, p. vii.
  34. ^ Light 1998, p. 8.
  35. ^ Bookchin, Murray. Gratis Cities: Communalism and the Left.
  36. ^ Murray Bookchin (2015), The Adjacent Revolution, London, Verso Press, p. 96[ ISBN missing ]
  37. ^ a b Murray Bookchin, interview by David Vanek (October i, 2001) Straw, a Journal of Social Ecology, Vol. 2 No. ane. Establish for Social Ecology.
  38. ^ Bookchin, Thousand. (Oct 1991). Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview. Green Perspectives, No. 24. Burlington, VT.
  39. ^ Bookchin, Debbie (June 15, 2018). "How My Male parent's Ideas Helped the Kurds Create a New Democracy". The New York Review of Books . Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  40. ^ Barnard, Anne; Hubbard, Ben (January 25, 2018). "Allies or Terrorists: Who Are the Kurdish Fighters in Syrian arab republic?". The New York Times . Retrieved October 23, 2019.
  41. ^ a b c Biehl, Janet (February 16, 2012). "Bookchin, Öcalan, and the Dialectics of Republic". New Compass. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  42. ^ de Jong, Alex (March 2016). "The New–Erstwhile PKK". Jacobin.
  43. ^ Biehl, Janet (Oct 9, 2011). "Kurdish Communalism". New Compass. Retrieved January 27, 2014.

Bibliography [edit]

  • Curran, Giorel (2007). 21st Century Dissent: Anarchism, Anti-Globalization and Environmentalism. International Political Economic system. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN978-1-4039-4881-6.

Farther reading [edit]

  • Price, Andy, Recovering Bookchin: Social Environmental and the Crises of Our Time, New Compass (2012)
  • Biehl, Janet, Ecology or Ending: The Life of Murray Bookchin (Oxford University Press, 2015).
  • Biehl, Janet, The Murray Bookchin Reader (Cassell, 1997) ISBN 0-304-33874-5.
  • Biehl, Janet, "Mumford Gutkind Bookchin: The Emergence of Eco-Decentralism" (New Compass, 2011) ISBN 978-82-93064-ten-7
  • Marshall, P. (1992), "Murray Bookchin and the Ecology of Liberty", pp. 602–622 in, Demanding the Incommunicable. Fontana Press. ISBN 0-00-686245-iv.
  • Selva Varengo, La rivoluzione ecologica. Il pensiero libertario di Murray Bookchin (2007) Milano: Zero in condotta. ISBN 978-88-95950-00-6.
  • East. Castano, Ecologia e potere. United nations saggio su Murray Bookchin, Mimesis, Milano 2011 ISBN 978-88-575-0501-5.
  • Damian F. White 'Bookchin – A Critical Appraisal'. Pluto Printing (UK/Europe), University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-1965-0 (HBK); ISBN 978-0745319643 (pbk).
  • Andrew Calorie-free, ed., Social Ecology subsequently Bookchin (Guilfor, 1998) ISBN one-57230-379-4.
  • Neither Washington Nor Stowe: Common Sense For The Working Vermonter, by David Van Deusen, Sean Due west, and the Dark-green Mountain Anarchist Collective (NEFAC-VT), Catamount Tavern Printing, 2004. This libertarian socialist manifesto took many of Bookchin's ideas and articulated them equally they would manifest in a revolutionary Vermont.

External links [edit]

  • Murray Bookchin entry at the Anarchy Archives
  • Murray Bookchin Papers at Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives at New York Academy
  • International Online Conference 2021: "100 years Murray Bookchin"

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Bookchin

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